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Battle of Kitombo
The Battle of Kitombo was a military engagement between forces of the BaKongo state of Soyo, formerly a province of the Kingdom of Kongo, and the Portuguese colony of Angola.
==Pre-Battle Situation==
In 1665 the Kingdom of Kongo clashed with their one-time allies the Portuguese at the Battle of Mbwila.〔Thornton, John K: "Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500-1800," 1999. Routledge. Page 103.〕 The engagement resulted in a crushing Portuguese victory ending in the death of the Mwenekongo António I and most of the kingdom's nobility. Afterwards, Kongo erupted in a brutal civil war between the House of Kinlaza, which had ruled under the dead king, and the House of Kimpanzu.〔Thornton, John K: "The Kongolese Saint Anthonty: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684-1706", page 69. Cambridge University, 1998〕 Soyo, home to many Kimpanzu partisans, was eager to take advantage of the chaos.〔Thornton, John K: "The Kongolese Saint Anthonty: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684-1706", page 78. Cambridge University, 1998〕 Within a few months of the national tragedy at Mbwila, the Prince of Soyo invaded the capital of São Salvador and installed his protégé, Afonso II on the throne. This happened again in 1669 with the placement of Álvaro IX on the throne.〔Gray, Richard: "Black Christians & White Missionaries", page 38. Yale University, 1990〕 By this time both the Portuguese and central authority in Kongo were growing tired of Soyo's meddling. While the Kinlaza and others in Kongo lived in fear of a Soyo invasion, the governor of Luanda was fearing the growing power of Soyo.〔 With access to Dutch merchants willing to sell them guns and cannons plus diplomatic access to the Pope, Soyo was on its way to becoming as powerful as Kongo had been before Mbwila. King Rafael I, driven by Soyo from his capital, fled to Luanda, where he sought Portuguese aid to restore him to the throne.〔Birmingham, David: "Portugal and Africa", page 61. Palgrave Macmillan, 1999〕 In return, he promised Portugal money, mineral concessions and the right to build a fortress in Soyo to keep out the Dutch.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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